[root@test01 ~]# yum install docker
[root@test01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@test01 ~]# systemctl start docker

[root@test01 ~]# docker pull centos:7.4.1708
[root@test01 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY   TAG     IMAGE ID   CREATED    SIZE
docker.io/centos 7.4.1708   3afd47092a0e  3 months ago  196.6 MB

[root@test01 ~]# docker run -it --name="mysql_server" centos /bin/bash

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# yum -y install mariadb-server net-tools

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysqld_safe &
[1] 114
[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# 
180210 13:45:27 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
180210 13:45:27 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# netstat -tunpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address   Foreign Address   State  PID/Program name 
tcp  0  0 0.0.0.0:3306   0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN  -

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysqladmin -u root password 'kingsoft'
[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host from user where user='root';
MariaDB [mysql]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'kingsoft' with grant option;
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set password=password('kingsoft') where user='root' and host='e8126d0481d2';
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [mysql]> exit

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql -u root -h 172.17.0.2 -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

[root@e8126d0481d2 ~]# cat run.sh
#!/bin/sh

mysqld_safe

[root@test01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS      PORTS    NAMES
e8126d0481d2  centos    "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago  Exited (0) 8 seconds ago      mysql_server
[root@test01 ~]# docker commit mysql_server mariadb:1.0

[root@test01 ~]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306 mariadb:1.0 /root/run.sh
[root@test01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE    COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS      NAMES
eed3e88a1261  mariadb:1.0   "mysqld_safe"  4 seconds ago  Up 3 seconds  0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp romantic_hamilton

[root@test01 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@test01 ~]# mysql -u root --port=13306 -p
MariaDB [(none)]>

[root@test01 ~]# mkdir mariadb_dockerfile && cd mariadb_dockerfile
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# touch db_init.sh 
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# touch run.sh

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat Dockerfile 
#使用的基础镜像
FROM centos:7.4.1708

#添加作者信息
MAINTAINER liuxin 842887233@qq.com

#安装mariadb数据库
RUN yum -y install mariadb-server

#设置环境变量，便于管理
ENV MARIADB_USER root
ENV MARIADB_PASS kingsoft
#让容器支持中文
ENV LC_ALL en_US.UTF-8

#初始化数据库
ADD db_init.sh /root/db_init.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/db_init.sh
RUN /root/db_init.sh

#导出端口
EXPOSE 3306

#添加启动文件
ADD run.sh /root/run.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/run.sh

#设置默认启动命令
CMD ["/root/run.sh"]

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat db_init.sh 
#!/bin/bash

mysql_install_db --user=mysql
sleep 3
mysqld_safe &
sleep 3
#mysqladmin -u "$MARIADB_USER" password "$MARIADB_PASS"
mysql -e "use mysql; grant all privileges on *.* to '$MARIADB_USER'@'%' identified by '$MARIADB_PASS' with grant option;"
h=$(hostname)
mysql -e "use mysql; update user set password=password('$MARIADB_PASS') where user='$MARIADB_USER' and host='$h';"
mysql -e "flush privileges;"

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat run.sh 
#!/bin/bash
mysqld_safe

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker build -t liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1 ./

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306 liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1 /root/run.sh
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE      COMMAND    CREATED    STATUS    PORTS      NAMES
7743527ac603  liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1 "/root/run.sh"  5 seconds ago  Up 3 seconds  0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp nostalgic_mirzakhani

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 --port=13306 -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> exit