Angular 可使用指令无缝地增强标准表单元素的功能,我们将讨论它的优点,包括:
数据绑定、建立模型属性、验证表单、验证表单后反馈信息、表单指令属性
下面我们通过案例验证他们的用法:
一、双向数据绑定(ng-model)和建立模型属性
<!DOCTYPE> <!-- use module --> <html ng-app="exampleApp"> <head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> </head> <body> <!-- 案例:双向数据绑定 --> <div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- 过滤complete为false的项 --> <h3 class="panel-header">To Do List<span class="label label-info">{{(todos | filter : {complete : 'false'}).length}}</span></h3> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="form-group row"> <label for="action">Action: </label> <!-- ng-model 双向绑定 --> <!-- 双向数据绑定:数据模型(Module)和视图(View)之间的双向绑定。 --> <!-- 当其中一方发送更替后,另一个也发生变化 --> <input type="text" id="action" ng-model="newToDo.action" class="form-control"> </div> <div class="form-group row"> <label for="location">Location: </label> <select id="location" class="form-control" ng-model="newToDo.location"> <option>Home</option> <option>Office</option> <option>Mall</option> </select> </div> <!-- ng-click点击Add添加项目 --> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-click="addNewItem(newToDo)">Add</button> </div> <div class="col-xs-6"> <table class="table table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr><th>#</th><th>Action</th><th>Done</th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr ng-repeat="item in todos"> <!-- $index默认为0,递增 --> <td>{{$index + 1}}</td> <td>{{item.action}}</td> <td> <input type="checkbox" ng-model="item.complete"/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/angular.min.js">首先定义了数据模型scope.todos和添加数据到模型的addNewItem()方法,接着使用双向数据绑定ng"text-align: center">
二、验证表单
在我们提交表单到服务器之前,我们需要来检测一下用户提交的数据是否存在或者是说合法,否则提交无用的数据会浪费资源。<!DOCTYPE> <!-- use module --> <html ng-app="exampleApp"> <head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style> </head> <body> <div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- novalidate表示抛弃浏览器自带的表单验证,用NG自己的验证 --> <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser) 当表单数据合法时,提交数据到模型 --> <form name="myForm" novalidate ng-submit="addUser(newUser)"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Name:</label> <!-- required 表该表单必填 --> <!-- ng-model="newUser.name" 双向数据绑定 --> <input name="userName" type="text" class="form-control" required ng-model="newUser.name"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email:</label> <input name="userEmail" type="email" class="form-control"required ng-model="newUser.email"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input name="agreed" type="checkbox"ng-model="newUser.agreed" required> I agree to the terms and conditions </label> </div> <!-- g-disabled="myForm.$invalid" 当前面填写表单中的任意一项不合法时,该提交按钮都是不可用的 --> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled="myForm.$invalid"> OK </button> </div> <div class="well"> Message: {{message}} <div> Valid: {{myForm.$valid}} </div> </div> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/angular.min.js">首先定义了数据模型scope.message和添加数据到模型的addUser()方法,接着在视图中添加表单元素validate、name属性和ng"text-align: center">
三、表单验证反馈信息
我们仅仅对表单进行验证是远远不够的,因为用户不知道为什么出错而感到困惑,因此我们需要反馈信息给用户,让他们明白该填写什么
先介绍一下NG中要验证的类ng-pristine 用户没交互元素被添加到这个类
ng-dirty 用户交互过元素被添加到这个类
ng-valid 验证结果有效元素被添加到这个类
ng-invalid 验证结果无效元素被添加到这个类<!DOCTYPE> <!-- use module --> <html ng-app="exampleApp"> <head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> /*交互且必填样式*/ form.validate .ng-invalid-required.ng-dirty { background-color: orange; } /*交互不合法样式*/ form .ng-invalid.ng-dirty { background-color: lightpink; } /*邮件不合法且交互过*/ form.validate .ng-invalid-email.ng-dirty { background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow; } div.error{ color: red; font-weight: bold; } div.summary.ng-valid{ color: green; font-weight: bold; } div.summary.ng-invalid{ color: red; font-weight: bold; } </style> </head> <body> <!-- 案例:双向数据绑定 --> <div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <!-- novalidate="novalidate" 仅仅NG表单验证 --> <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" 添加数据到模型 --> <!-- ng-class="showValidation "myForm" class="well" novalidate="novalidate" ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" ng-class="showValidation "> <div class="form-group"> <div class=" form-group"> <label>Email: </label> <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" required="required" ng-model="newUser.email"> <!-- 验证提示信息 --> <div class="error"> <!-- 显示反馈信息 --> <span ng-class="error" ng-show="showValidation"> {{getError(myForm.email.$error)}} </span> </div> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" >OK</button> <div class="well"> Message : {{message}} <!-- 当myForm.$valid验证合法,showValidation为true,这是触发ng-class为ng-valid,否则,ng-invalid --> <div class="summary" ng-class="myForm.$valid " > Valid : {{myForm.$valid}} </div> </div> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/angular.min.js">首先在style中定义反馈信息的样式、表单验证的样式
接着在JS中写入错误时反馈的信息
最后在视图中绑定ng-class四、表单指令属性
1.使用input元素<!DOCTYPE> <!-- use module --> <html ng-app="exampleApp"> <head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style> </head> <body> <div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Text: </label> <!-- ng-required="requireValue" 通过数据绑定required值 --> <!-- ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10" 允许最大最小字符--> <!-- ng-pattern="matchPattern" 正则匹配 --> <input name="sample" class="form-control" ng-model="inputValue" ng-required="requireValue" ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10" ng-pattern="matchPattern"> </div> </div> <div class="well"> <!-- 必填 --> <p>Required Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.required}}</p> <!-- 最小最大长度 --> <p>Min Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.minlength}}</p> <p>Max Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.maxlength}}</p> <!-- 只匹配小写字母 --> <p>Pattern Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.pattern}}</p> <!-- 验证合法 --> <p>Element Valid: {{myForm.sample.$valid}}</p> </div> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/angular.min.js">2.选择列表
<!DOCTYPE> <!-- use module --> <html ng-app="exampleApp"> <head> <title>Angular Directive</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <style> </style> </head> <body> <div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl"> <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate"> <div class="well"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Selection an action: </label> <!-- 遍历列表 按照item.place排序 item.id as item.action 改变选项值--> <!-- ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos" --> <select ng-model="selectValue" ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos"> <option value="" class="">(Pick One)</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="well"> <p>Selected: {{selectValue || "None"}}</p> </div> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/UploadFiles/2021-04-02/angular.min.js">以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。
标签:AngularJS,表单
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